Table 2 Demographic data of included studies
Study | Surgical setting | Type of anesthesia | Comparisons (No. of patients) | Time of administration | Temperature |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Piper 2004 [29] | Orthopedic or abdominal | General anesthesia | Nefopam0.2 mg/kg (73); Nefopam0.1 mg/kg (75); Nefopam0.05 mg/kg (76); Clonidine1.5 μg/kg (73); Placebo (74) | At the end of surgery | Rectal temperature |
Bilotta 2001 [33] | Craniotomy | General anesthesia | Nefopam0.12Â mg/kg (20); Placebo (20) | At the end of surgery | Bladder temperature |
Piper 1999 [30] | Abdominal or orthopedic | General anesthesia | Nefopam0.15 mg/kg (20); Clonidine3μg/kg (20); placebo (20) | At the end of surgery | Rectal temperature |
Bilotta 2002 [13] | Lower limb orthopedic | Neuraxial anesthesia | Nefopam0.15Â mg/kg (30); Tramadol0.5Â mg/kg (30); Placebo (30) | Before anesthesia | Urinary-bladder temperature |
Bilotta 2005 [28] | Interventional neuroradiology | Conscious sedation | Nefopam0.15 mg/kg (32); Clonidine3μg/kg (38); Placebo (31) | Before anesthesia | Bladder temperature |
Rohm 2005 [27] | Abdominal or urological | General anesthesia | Physostigmine2mg (31); Nefopam10mg (30); Placebo (28) | At the end of surgery | Tympanic temperature |
Kamal 2011 [34] | Orthopedic | Neuraxial anesthesia | Nefopam0.2 mg/kg (76); Ketamine + midazolam (75); placebo (75) | Before anesthesia | Tympanic temperature |
Piper 1998 [31] | Orthopedic or abdominal | General anesthesia | Nefopam0.15Â mg/kg (15); Placebo (15) | At the end of surgery | Rectal temperature |
Tempia 1992 [32] | Radical cystectomy | General anesthesia | Nefopam (27); placebo (27) | At the end of surgery | Not mentioned |