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Table 2 639 patients with new opioid use after tibial fracture (Cox regression analysis)

From: No signs of dose escalations of potent opioids prescribed after tibial shaft fractures: a study of Swedish National Registries

   

Simple Cox regressiona

Multiple Cox regressionb

Covariate

 

No. of patients

HR

95% CI

p-value

HR

95% CI

p-value

Age

< 50 years

364

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

> 50 years

275

1.7

1.4-2.0

0.001

1.5

1.3-1.9

0.001

Sex

Male

389

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

Female

250

1.3

1.1-1.6

0.002

1.1

0.9-1.4

0.2

Type of fracture

Closed

499

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

Open

103

0.9

0.7-1.2

0.4

0.9

0.7-1.1

0.3

 

Unspecified

37

0.6

0.4-0.8

0.004

0.6

0.4-0.9

0.022

Treatment

Surgical

520

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

Non-surgical

119

1.4

1.1-1.8

0.004

1.1

0.9-1.4

0.6

Mechanism of injury

Fall on the same level

262

Reference

  

Reference

  
 

Fall from height

66

0.9

0.6-1.2

0.4

0.8

0.6-1.1

0.2

 

Fall unspecified

53

0.9

0.6-1.2

0.5

0.9

0.6-1.2

0.5

 

Transport accident

133

1.1

0.9-1.4

0.4

0.9

0.7-1.2

0.5

 

Miscellaneous

115

1.2

1.0-1.6

0.1

1.1

0.8-1.4

0.6

 

Missing

10

1.0

0.6-2.0

0.9

1.0

0.5-1.8

0.9

  1. HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval, acrude, badjusted for age, sex, type of fracture, treatment, and mechanism of injury; if the HR is >1, the patients are more likely to end opioid intake compared with the reference group.