Study | Study design/Jadad score | Patient characteristics; surgical setting | Type of anesthesia | Comparisons (no. patients) | Mean temperature (°C) at baseline | Time of administration | Definition of PAS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Powell et al. [16] | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded/ 5 | 18-60 yr, ASA: I – II; orthopedic, general, or urological surgery | General | Ondansetron IV 4 mg (27) | 36.9 | 3–5 min before the induction of anesthesia | Readily detectable fasciculations or tremors of the face, trunk, or limbs of a minimum of 15-s duration |
Ondansetron IV 8Â mg (27) | 36.7 | ||||||
Saline IV (28) | 36.7 | ||||||
Kelsaka et al. [15] | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded/ 3 | 20-60 yr, ASA: I – II; elective orthopedic surgery | Spinal | Ondansetron IV 8 mg (25) | 36.9 | Immediately before spinal anesthesia | Pectoralis, major muscles for fasciculations more than 10 seconds’ duration. |
Meperidine IV 0.4Â mg/kg (25) | 36.9 | ||||||
Saline IV (25) | 36.7 | ||||||
Shakya et al. [3] | Randomized, placebo-controlled/2 | Age > 18 yr, ASA: I – II; elective lower abdominal surgery | Spinal | Ondansetron IV 4 mg (40) | 36.7 | Just after the intrathecal injection | 0 = no shivering. 1 = piloerection or peripheral vasoconstriction but no visible shivering. 2 = muscular activity in only one muscle group. 3 = muscular activity in more than one muscle group but not generalized. 4 = shivering involving the whole body. |
Saline IV (40) | 36.8 | ||||||
Entezari et al. [14] | Rrandomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind/3 | Age > 18 yr, ASA: I – II; elective gynecological surgery | General | Ondansetron IV 4 mg (30 ) | 37.5 | 2 minutes before inducting anesthesia | Chills for at least 15 seconds |
Meperidine IV 0.4Â mg/kg (30) | 37.4 | ||||||
Saline IV (30) | 37.5 | ||||||
Abdollahi et al. [13] | Randomized, placebo- controlled, double-blind/3 | All ages, ASA: I – III; off-pump coronary artery bypass graft | General | Meperedine IV 0.4 mg/Kg (30) | NA | 15 minutes before the end of surgery | 0 = Patient with no shivering. 1 = whenever one of these symptoms is present: peripheral vasoconstriction, peripheral cyanosis without any other reason and piloerection without muscle contraction. 2 = Visible muscular activity that involved only one muscle group. 3 = Visible muscular activity that involved more than one muscle group. 4 = Intensive muscular activity that involved the whole body. |
Ondansetron IV 8Â mg (30) | NA | ||||||
Saline IV (30) | NA | ||||||
Browning et al. [17] | Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded/5 | Age > 18 yr, ASA: I – II; elective cesarean surgery | Combined spinal epidural anesthesia | Ondansetron IV 8 mg (56) | 36.6 | Before anesthesia | 0 = no shivering. 1 = or more of the following: piloerection, peripheral vasoconstriction, peripheral cyanosis without other cause but without visible muscular activity. 2 = visible muscular activity confined to 1 muscle group. 3 = visible muscular activity in more than 1 muscle group. 4 = gross muscular activity involving the entire body. |
 |  |  |  | Saline IV (60) | 36.8 |  |  |