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Table 1 The characteristics of the included 6 studies in this meta-analysis

From: Efficacy and safety of ondansetron in preventing postanesthesia shivering: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Study

Study design/Jadad score

Patient characteristics; surgical setting

Type of anesthesia

Comparisons (no. patients)

Mean temperature (°C) at baseline

Time of administration

Definition of PAS

Powell et al. [16]

Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded/ 5

18-60 yr, ASA: I – II; orthopedic, general, or urological surgery

General

Ondansetron IV 4 mg (27)

36.9

3–5 min before the induction of anesthesia

Readily detectable fasciculations or tremors of the face, trunk, or limbs of a minimum of 15-s duration

Ondansetron IV 8 mg (27)

36.7

Saline IV (28)

36.7

Kelsaka et al. [15]

Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded/ 3

20-60 yr, ASA: I – II; elective orthopedic surgery

Spinal

Ondansetron IV 8 mg (25)

36.9

Immediately before spinal anesthesia

Pectoralis, major muscles for fasciculations more than 10 seconds’ duration.

Meperidine IV 0.4 mg/kg (25)

36.9

Saline IV (25)

36.7

Shakya et al. [3]

Randomized, placebo-controlled/2

Age > 18 yr, ASA: I – II; elective lower abdominal surgery

Spinal

Ondansetron IV 4 mg (40)

36.7

Just after the intrathecal injection

0 = no shivering. 1 = piloerection or peripheral vasoconstriction but no visible shivering. 2 = muscular activity in only one muscle group. 3 = muscular activity in more than one muscle group but not generalized. 4 = shivering involving the whole body.

Saline IV (40)

36.8

Entezari et al. [14]

Rrandomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind/3

Age > 18 yr, ASA: I – II; elective gynecological surgery

General

Ondansetron IV 4 mg (30 )

37.5

2 minutes before inducting anesthesia

Chills for at least 15 seconds

Meperidine IV 0.4 mg/kg (30)

37.4

Saline IV (30)

37.5

Abdollahi et al. [13]

Randomized, placebo- controlled, double-blind/3

All ages, ASA: I – III; off-pump coronary artery bypass graft

General

Meperedine IV 0.4 mg/Kg (30)

NA

15 minutes before the end of surgery

0 = Patient with no shivering. 1 = whenever one of these symptoms is present: peripheral vasoconstriction, peripheral cyanosis without any other reason and piloerection without muscle contraction. 2 = Visible muscular activity that involved only one muscle group. 3 = Visible muscular activity that involved more than one muscle group. 4 = Intensive muscular activity that involved the whole body.

Ondansetron IV 8 mg (30)

NA

Saline IV (30)

NA

Browning et al. [17]

Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded/5

Age > 18 yr, ASA: I – II; elective cesarean surgery

Combined spinal epidural anesthesia

Ondansetron IV 8 mg (56)

36.6

Before anesthesia

0 = no shivering. 1 = or more of the following: piloerection, peripheral vasoconstriction, peripheral cyanosis without other cause but without visible muscular activity. 2 = visible muscular activity confined to 1 muscle group. 3 = visible muscular activity in more than 1 muscle group. 4 = gross muscular activity involving the entire body.

    

Saline IV (60)

36.8

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