Figure 2

Effects of midazolam and flumazenil on the expression of Daphnia ion channel genes. (A). Daphnids were exposed to aquarium water containing 100 μM midazolam for 4 hours and killed for mRNA quantification. Out of 108 ion channel genes, 19 genes are affected by midazolam. (B). Daphnids were co-treated with flumazenil (10 μM) along with midazolam (100 μM) for 4 hours and killed for mRNA quantification. Flumazenil abolishes the effects of midazolam on the mRNA expression of Rdl, Shawl1 and Shaker. (C) Daphnids were exposed to 10 μM flumazenil alone for 4 hours before mRNA quantification. The Nmdar1 and IP3R transcripts were significantly reduced by flumazenil. Statistical significance was set at a level of P < 0.05 (*) and P < 0.01 (**).