Factors influencing physical functional status in intensive care unit survivors two years after discharge

BMC Anesthesiology

Table 2 Percentage of medical and unplanned surgical patients who had their ability to perform activities of daily life affected after ICU admission according to the Karnofsky and Lawton-instrumental activities of daily living scales

Variables	n	Functional impairment (%)				p
Variables	n	Severe	Moderate	No change	Improvement	p
Age (Karnofsky), years						<0.001
< 65	265	7	26	53	14^a
≥ 65	234	13^a	24	61	2
Age (Lawton)						<0.001
< 65	265	12	14	66^a	8^a
≥ 65	234	20 ^a	23^a	57	0
Stay in ICU (Karnofsky)						<0.001
< 7 days	401	7	24	59^a	10^a
8-14 days	52	23^a	29	48	0
≥ 15 days	46	23^a	30	42	5
Stay in ICU (Lawton)
< 7 days	401	13	17	65^a	5
8-14 days	52	21	25	54	0
≥ 15 days	46	35^a	16	40	9
BMI^a (Karnofsky)						<0.001
< 25 Kg/m²	202	11	26	58	5
≥ 25 Kg/m²	297	4	21	51	24^a
BMI^a (Lawton)						<0.001
< 30 Kg/m²	202	17	18	63	2
≥ 30 Kg/m²	297	10	18	55	17^a
Reason for ICU admission (Karnofsky)						<0.001
Heart	113	5	22	69^a	4
Neurological	59	39^a	34	27	0
Respiratory	60	8	23	69^a	0
Trauma	18	22	45^a	33	0
Planned surgery	199	3	21	57	19^a
Other	50	12	30	54	4
Reason for ICU admission (Lawton)						<0.001
Heart	113	11	13	73^a	3
Neurological	59	51^a	30^a	17	2
Respiratory	60	8	20	70	2
Trauma	18	33	17	50	0
Planned surgery	199	8	18	66	8^a
Other	50	20	14	62	4
Days on MV (Karnofsky)						<0.001
Did not use MV	352	9	27^a	55	9
1 day	78	5	17	67	11
2 to 7 days	37	13	16	68	3
≥ 8 days	32	31^a	25	44	0
Days on MV (Lawton)						0.021
Did not use MV	352	15	19	61	5
1 day	78	10	12	73^a	5
2 to 7 days	37	19	13	65	3
≥ 8 days	32	33 ^a	26	38	3
APACHE II at 1st ICU day	499	14 ± 6^§	12 ± 6.5^§*	13 ± 8^§	8 ± 5^*	0.02 ^*
SOFA at 1st ICU day	499	(0 0:2)^§	(0 0:1)^§*	(0 0:0)^*	(0 0:0)^*	0.003 ^b
Subjective impression (Karnofsky)						<0.001
Equal	172	1	17	78^a	4
Worse	156	30^a	53^a	17	0
Better	171	0	7	72^a	21^a
Subjective impression (Lawton)						<0.001
Equal	172	4	14	82^a	0
Worse	156	46^a	30^a	24	0
Better	171	1	11	75^a	12^a

^a Adjusted residuals > 1.96;
^b p value according to Kruskal-Wallis;
^{§, *} Equal symbols indicate absence of statistically significant difference according to Tukey test.
APACHE II Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation, BMI Body Mass Index, ICU Intensive Care Unit, MV Mechanical ventilation, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.

ISSN: 1471-2253