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Table 2 Hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing OPCAB

From: Epidural anesthesia and postoperative analgesia with ropivacaine and fentanyl in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized, controlled study

Characteristic

Group

Intraoperative period

Postoperative period

  

After induction

of anesthesia

Fixation of

the heart

5 min

after

start

flow

End of

operation

2 hours

6 hours

12 hours

18 hours

24 hours

 

Control

79.9 ± 13.5

76.9 ± 15.6

74.6 ± 14.3

80.2 ± 10.4

89.9 ± 15.3+

87.6 ± 12.7+

82.5 ± 14.8#

80.1 ± 13.1

80.1 ± 13.1

MAP, mm Hg

EI

72.8 ± 8.37

67.8 ± 13.5+

72.6 ± 11.8

74.2 ± 12.6

86.1 ± 17.6+

81.2 ± 14.9+

72.0 ± 12.4

76.1 ± 12.4

75.6 ± 11.4

 

PCEA

79.4 ± 13.6

67.5 ± 12.1+

74.7 ± 12.7

72.6 ± 11.4+

89.6 ± 14.9+

89.4 ± 17.5+

83.7 ± 17.3#

79.1 ± 17.9

82.3 ± 17.0

 

Control

50.0 (42.3-59.8)

59.5 (51.3-64.8)+

62.5 (50.5-70.5)#+

61.0 (55.3-74.5)#+

77.5 (71.0-85.0)+

87.5 (77.5-98.0)+

87.0 (80.3-101.0)#+

82.5 (75.0-96.8)+

83.5 (77.0-94.5)+

HR, 1/min

EI

52.0 (43.3-59.8)

51.5 (44.3-63.8)

54.5 (48.3-62.8)

56.0 (48.3-66.0)

66.5 (56.8-84.0)+

85.0 (75.5-88.8)+

79.5 (75.3-92.0)+

81.0 (73.0-89.8)+

80.0 (74.8-88.8)+

 

PCEA

54.0 (48.5-64.0)

55.0 (49.0-63.0)

58.0 (54.0-65.0)

61.0 (55.0-66.5)

71.0 (64.0-86.5)+

91.0 (82.0-105.0)+

89.0 (83.0-94.0)#+

86.0 (78.5-91.5)+

86.0 (80.5-93.5)+

 

Control

2.20 ± 0.42

2.43 ± 0.59

2.96 ± 1.23+

2.70 ± 0.80

3.27 ± 0.74+

3.55 ± 0.83+

3.69 ± 0.78+

3.39 ± 0.38

3.46 ± 0.42+

CI, l/min/m2

EI

2.20 ± 0.44

1.97 ± 0.51

2.55 ± 0.33+

2.57 ± 0.55+

3.12 ± 0.69+

3.43 ± 0.59+

3.43 ± 0.53+

3.34 ± 0.50

3.32 ± 0.44+

 

PCEA

2.15 ± 0.46

1.89 ± 0.51

2.81 ± 0.75+

2.58 ± 0.80

3.27 ± 0.87+

3.79 ± 0.63+

3.46 ± 0.49+

3.08 ± 0.44

3.40 ± 0.46+

 

Control

3.47 ± 1.18

3.14 ± 1.04

3.88 ± 1.42

3.79 ± 1.24

4.71 ± 1.83+

5.01 ± 1.73+

5.56 ± 1.92+

4.96 ± 1.19+

4.98 ± 1.11+

CFI, 1/min

EI

3.42 ± 0.77

3.03 ± 0.65+

3.69 ± 0.69

3.65 ± 0.87

4.68 ± 0.92+

5.25 ± 0.76+

5.23 ± 1.22+

5.13 ± 1.14+

4.95 ± 1.29+

 

PCEA

3.32 ± 0.68

3.08 ± 0.66

3.97 ± 1.04+

3.88 ± 1.16+

4.47 ± 1.21+

5.33 ± 1.56+

4.87 ± 1.22+

4.28 ± 1.07+

4.30 ± 1.14+

 

Control

2709 ± 500

2484 ± 773

2256 ± 725

2228 ± 568+

2150 ± 637

1967 ± 763+

1647 ± 648+

1731 ± 378+

1790 ± 428+

SVRI, dyne'sec'cm-5'm-2

EI

2458 ± 707

2120 ± 600

1933 ± 287+

1953 ± 290

1993 ± 482

2035 ± 491+

1677 ± 456+

1846 ± 277+

1788 ± 329+

 

PCEA

2912 ± 970

2299 ± 791

2059 ± 892

2112 ± 733+

2223 ± 554

2086 ± 405

2123 ± 487+

2205 ± 623*+

2078 ± 604+

 

Control

11.3 ± 3.6

14.0 ± 4.0#+

11.8 ± 3.7#

12.7 ± 3.5#+

7.6 ± 3.7+

5.9 ± 3.1+

5.0 ± 4.0+

4.6 ± 4.2+

5.8 ± 4.6+

CVP, mm Hg

EI

12.5 ± 3.1

16.8 ± 3.2+

14.4 ± 2.5+

14.9 ± 2.3+

8.9 ± 3.3+

7.2 ± 4.8+

6.3 ± 4.2+

5.4 ± 5.3+

4.9 ± 3.3+

 

PCEA

11.4 ± 2.67

15.0 ± 3.8+

13.0 ± 3.0+

13.4 ± 2.8+

8.3 ± 4.3+

4.3 ± 3.5#+

4.1 ± 3.3+

4.6 ± 4.0+

5.4 ± 3.8+

 

Control

689 ± 243

797 ± 227

765 ± 168

711 ± 117

729 ± 169

724 ± 165

695 ± 188

715 ± 199

710 ± 145

GEDVI, ml/m2

EI

674 ± 215

661 ± 250

696 ± 153

704 ± 251

680 ± 149

659 ± 106

660 ± 125

661 ± 107

682 ± 115

 

PCEA

653 ± 143

646 ± 159

722 ± 116

665 ± 146

683 ± 251

728 ± 139

728 ± 133

720 ± 125

799 ± 148

 

Control

697 ± 116

537 ± 169

567 ± 142

565 ± 145

803 ± 412

773 ± 307

770 ± 255

744 ± 412

915 ± 339

dPmax, mm Hg/sec

EI

542 ± 136

479 ± 150

552 ± 141

567 ± 201

803 ± 412+

849 ± 288+

880 ± 293+

1015 ± 421+

997 ± 353+

 

PCEA

561 ± 203

457 ± 159

536 ± 179

578 ± 219

843 ± 263+

813 ± 177+

909 ± 284+

877 ± 243+

857 ± 195+

 

Control

24.6 ± 6.1

21.0 ± 6.6+

22.2 ± 7.0

22.0 ± 5.6+

22.3 ± 5.8

22.3 ± 4.7

24.0 ± 6.3

22.0 ± 5.4

21.7 ± 5.3

GEF, %

EI

26.2 ± 7.30

23.5 ± 5.4

26.1 ± 6.3

26.0 ± 7.0

26.7 ± 7.7

22.6 ± 5.0

24.2 ± 6.1

24.0 ± 5.7

22.9 ± 5.5

 

PCEA

21.8 ± 7.2

21.2 ± 6.1

24.6 ± 6.2+

23.8 ± 6.5

23.9 ± 5.1

22.8 ± 5.7

21.6 ± 6.3

19.0 ± 5.1

19.6 ± 4.8

 

Control

9.0 (7.0-10.0)

11.0 (8.0-14.0)+

9.0 (8.0-11.0)

10.0 (7.0-11.0)

8.0 (5.0-12.0)

8.0 (6.0-11.0)

10.0 (6.0-11.0)

8.0 (5.0-14.0)

9.0 (8.0-13.0)

EVLWI, ml/kg

EI

9.0 (7.0-9.5)

8.5 (6.8-10.5)

9.0 (7.0-10.3)

8.0 (6.8-10.0)

7.5 (6.0-11.8)

6.5 (6.0-10.3)

6.0 (5.8-7.3)+

7.00 (6.8-8.8)

7.5 (6.0-9.3)

 

PCEA

8.0 (6.3-9.8)

9.5 (7.0-11.0)

8.0 (7.3-11.8)

8.0 (7.0-10.5)

8.0 (7.0-12.8)

6.5 (6.0-8.0)

7.0 (5.3-8.8)

7.5 (6.0-9.8)

7.5 (7.0-10.8)

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (25th-75th percentiles).
  2. * P < 0.05 compared with the control group;
  3. # P < 0.05 compared with the EI group;
  4. + P < 0.05 compared with baseline (after induction of anesthesia).
  5. Control, control group; EI, epidural infusion group; PCEA, patient controlled epidural analgesia group; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate; CI, cardiac index; CFI, cardiac function index; SVRI, systemic vascular resistance index; CVP, central venous pressure; GEDVI, global end-diastolic volume index; dPmax, left ventricle contractility index; GEF, global ejection fraction; EVLWI, extravascular lung water index.
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BMC Anesthesiology

ISSN: 1471-2253

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