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Figure 3 | BMC Anesthesiology

Figure 3

From: Esmolol modulates inhibitory neurotransmission in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat

Figure 3

The increase in miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) frequency by esmolol was dependent on extracellular Ca 2+. (A and B) Top: the membrane current recording of a neuron of the caudal part of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the presence (A) and in the absence (B) of extracellular Ca2+. Esmolol (500 μM) was applied at the horizontal bars. Recordings with "CsCl-based" internal solution. Bottom of A and B: time-expanded continuous traces taken at points 1 and 2 indicated in the top traces showing the control and the peak effects of drugs. (C) Summery of the effects of esmolol on mIPSC frequency. *, P < 0.001; Mann Whitney's U-test. NS, not significantly different; vs. pre-administration control values. The numbers in the bars indicate the number of neurons analyzed. The horizontal broken lines indicate the control values (100%).

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